Getting html response instead of json in postman - The format selector has changed back to “HTML” How do I get the response in JSON format in Postman? For basic execution, please refer to Part 1 of API Testing with Postman.

 
I need to parse the <b>html</b> <b>response</b> data but the <b>html</b> to <b>json</b> conversion methods are not working. . Getting html response instead of json in postman

Unable to get proper response in ajax call, returning HTML response instead json. Let me know if you're still stuck or the problem is elsewhere than Postman hogging cookies ;-). Before extracting values from JSON response, we need to parse it first. Add ( "x-ms-blob-type", "BlockBlob" ); var response = await client. is that if I make the PUT/DELETE request using Postman I get the following correct response:. Please check the console of the postman Open Postman Console by pressing Ctrl+Alt+C on Windows (Cmd + Alt+ C on mac) Share answered Nov 9, 2019 at 6:01 Sebin Sunny 1,677 9 9. Christina and Paul, who are the parents of 4-year. To visualize your response data, add code to the Pre-request or Tests script for the request. Basically, your phone sends code to amazon when you get blocks. HTML coming back in response instead of JSON. GET rest method works fine - it shows list of quotations. But, If I make a PUT, DELETE, etc request I get HTML back. Whenever I call thingworx services it is returning HTML response instead json. In postman to parse the response body there's a builtin library "pm" pm. It would be ideal if I could set JSON as the default format for displaying the response body. decode('utf-8')) How do I convert a JSON Response object (jsonify from flask) to a dictionary to process. Similar to this command for JSON response var data JSON. json (). htaccess file; That said, let’s have a quick look at how you can make it disappear So far I've been able to successfully read list data using oData but I'm getting 403 (Access denied Also, I'm getting the same response code when trying to get current user info by using: 204: No content: Incorrect locale used: 400: Bad request: Incorrect parameters (input. In the Postman app, the request builder at the top contains the Tests tab where you write your tests. Pass the request URI in the address bar of Postman. Choose New custom connector, then choose Import a Postman collection. You can override this by specifying one in the request. Retrieve secret from AWS Secrets Manager. Share Improve this answer. You need to convert the response from binary to string first: response. Like User_choose_block, User_accept_block. We’ll start from the Power Automate interface. cancer sign brakence cbd; kt builders. Postman is a standalone tool that exercises web APIs by making HTTP requests from outside the service. Try this in postman: var jsonData = JSON. Paste your bearer token into the Authorization header and click Send. If you receive a response with a different Content-Type header, you can force formatting through JSON. id); I&x27;m trying to get fields by id from <DOCTYPE html>. Let's see how to get the response in JSON format. In the General tab, select JSON from the Language detection dropdown. Already have an account?. The problem is with POST and DELETE methods. Once you send the request to Postman, you get the response back from the API that contains Body, Cookies, Headers, Tests, Status Code, and API Response time. When I try to invoke them in Postman it returns HTML (logging form defined in SecurityConfig). 1 reply 1 comment. Jul 18, 2019 · Steps to reproduce the behavior: Submit a request that gets JSON data back. I’m wondering how I can break this into URLs that i can type into my web browser to return the data in JSON form? I’m wanting to access JSON data in URL instead of on Postman App. I need to parse the html response data but the html to json conversion methods are not working. Please advise what do I need to do. decode('utf-8')) How do I convert a JSON Response object (jsonify from flask) to a dictionary to process. If you already have the regex and just need the response as a string in order to apply it, you can get it in the tests tab of Postman by using the following command: const responseText = pm. We are passing in the accept: application/jsonand content-type: application/jsonheaders and I can see them in the pdweb. To declare JSON response format do the following: @api. I am using Outsystems 10 and trying to consume a REST API (single method) I have copied and pasted the REST Request and Response JSON definitions into the Request and Response text boxes provided by OS REST API. Through this panel, we can create a new request. Before passing complex objects, we need to serialize complex data into jSON object #2) Create a company JSON with different key-value pairs 1, a JSON-based format to serialize Linked Data If necessary, it will used fuzzy element name matching to map from the original JSON object to C# so that if an exact property name match isn't found it will use the following. Christina and Paul, who are the parents of 4-year. set () with 2 parameters. – bruno desthuilliers Dec 17, 2019 at 8:45 Add a comment 2 Answers Sorted by: 2. I have disabled that and now I am getting the proper JSON response. 1 For this demonstration, I’ll start out by scraping National Football League (NFL) 2018 regular Instantly generate TypeScript interfaces from JSON Flexjson is a lightweight library for serializing and deserializing Java objects into and from JSON In this blog post you've learned how Gson is able to map List (or Array) data without any problems. BEFORE YOU LEAVE, I NEED YOUR HELP. But yeah, the cURL itself works. Just solved it! using json. Mar 14, 2017 · Your server returns HTML data and you put it inside a DOM's innerHTML You learn about data transfer formats such as XML (and say "oooh so THAT'S what it's used for) and then JSON. Request Timeout in ms - Enter how long (in milliseconds) Postman will wait for a response before timing out. Parse JSON Array. setEnvironmentVariable("id", data. representation ('application/json') def output_json (data, code, headers=None): resp = make_response (json. As soon as you select the POST request type in Postman you will see that the option Body is enabled which has different options to send the data inside the body. Example S3 operations Step 4) In the next window, Signup for a Postman Account st_size # Create a multipart upload request >>> mp = b We recommend getting the desktop client, but the Chrome version will run In the steps below, we will use the Dynamic Ingest API as an example, but the procedure will work for any of the. text (); const matches = responseText. I'm trying to figure out how this HttpClient works. Due to this, I am not able to get "auth_code" which is necessary for the next step. Aban 6, 1397 AP. Postman sends the request to the webserver and then the server sends the response back to it. Try this in postman: var jsonData = JSON. We have access to the variable response in the variable template. In the response body, click “Pretty” and change the format selector to “JSON” Submit another request that gets JSON. For example, these are malformed . But to parse data from JSON you need just one method — response. In other words, your server is expecting to find a certain div in your HTML, but it’s not there. postman get request body json. Add CSS to an HTML table generated in Power Automate You can change the CSS as much as you want. So response[0], will get you the first element from the list, response[1] the second one and so on. We’ll start from the Power Automate interface. both the Ops team and Dev team collaborate together to deliver good quality software which in turn leads to higher customer satisfaction. Mar 8, 2019 · Submit a request that gets JSON data back. To me this is clearly the wrong approach and can never be justified. Let's see how to get the response in JSON format. jayanjoseph 1 August 2018 19:00 #1. API Testing using Postman: Postman is an application for testing APIs. What I have tried: Here is my product class with the set and get mehtods:. But api returns html instead of json if api route does not exists. Ensure that the field type is set to "String". Submit a request that gets JSON data back. May 16, 2017 · Postman Version:4. My VK page is the face of the user where during registration he enters his personal information, photos, music, chatting with friends and getting to know each other. In response to v-yamao-msft. The services are not following the HTTP standard if they are returning HTML when the accept header specifically tells them to return application/json and nothing else. The format selector has changed back to “HTML” How do I get the response in JSON format in Postman? For basic execution, please refer to Part 1 of API Testing with Postman. htaccess file; That said, let’s have a quick look at how you can make it disappear So far I've been able to successfully read list data using oData but I'm getting 403 (Access denied Also, I'm getting the same response code when trying to get current user info by using: 204: No content: Incorrect locale used: 400: Bad request: Incorrect parameters (input. You need to convert the response from binary to string first: response. debug trace. parse(responseBody); postman. parse(responseBody); postman. load and json. id); I&x27;m trying to get fields by id from <DOCTYPE html>. Here is sample response data: Looking to grab the csrftoken value from the html. By default, Laravel return html formatted response - for json - client must set Header Accept:application/json I created middleware for solve this problem - because, in my opinion, api must return json in all cases, if you support only json schema. The format selector has changed back to “HTML” How do I get the response in JSON format in Postman? For basic execution, please refer to Part 1 of API Testing with Postman. I am using Microsoft Flow to call a Web API that i've written. 0 authorization flow. There's no way to automagically turn arbitrary HTML into json, you'll have to do it by yourself. id); I'm trying to get fields by id from <!DOCTYPE html>. <form action="" method. Built into the status code-specific action results returned from the helper methods. You can modify the local server's code to change the. <?php $jsonurl = "http://api. Mehr 13, 1395 AP. Flow discussions solutions. Before passing complex objects, we need to serialize complex data into jSON object #2) Create a company JSON with different key-value pairs 1, a JSON-based format to serialize Linked Data If necessary, it will used fuzzy element name matching to map from the original JSON object to C# so that if an exact property name match isn't found it will use the following. I have disabled that and now I am getting the proper JSON response. dumps(response) This dumps the request as a string and then converts. It has the MIME type of – 'application/json'. I have disabled that and now I am getting the proper JSON response. The Postman Body tab gives you several tools to help you understand the response quickly. dumps(response) This dumps the request as a string and then converts. Ensure that the field type is set to "String". Jan 20, 2019 · Launch the Postman tool app. name to access the first object in the array. Through this panel, we can create a new request. Pass an array as a parameter. In the same way you use variables for parameterized data, you can also use variables to decouple your secrets from the rest of your code. Similarly, you can see other status codes also for different requests. parse(responseBody); postman. Submit a request that gets JSON data back. This is a short tutorial how to make the first requests with Postman. As an example, if i put in “ https://api. 1+Angular application I have one api that returns html of main page instead of json. dumps ( {'response' : data}), code) resp. This authorization method will be used for every request in this collection. The Postman Body tab gives you several tools to help you understand the response quickly. Step #3 Save your work to a new Postman Collection. Here is sample response data: Looking to grab the csrftoken value from the html. [6729e479-6f05-4ce7-ba02-74d520397e8b Rest API works in POSTMan the header information especially the Content-Type looks correct. You can view the body in one of four views: Pretty, Raw, Preview, and Visualize. The format selector has changed back to “HTML” How do I get the response in JSON format in Postman? For basic execution, please refer to Part 1 of API Testing with Postman. The flow then uses the Request / Response action to provide the JSON back to PowerApps. Bahman 28, 1400 AP. As a Postman user, I’d like to be able to document the request body when using a raw request so that other users know what the request body properties are. Postman Version:4. decode('utf-8')) How do I convert a JSON Response object (jsonify from flask) to a dictionary to process. 3; Is the Interceptor on and enabled in the app: don't know; Did you encounter this recently, or has this bug always been there:Recently encountered; Expected behaviour: should return JSON instead of HTML. In the navigation pane, select Data > Custom connectors. For example, instead of individually adding headers to each request, you can simply apply headers to all requests within that Postman collection using pre-request scripts or authorization headers. ccmsetup 10/29/2012 1:37:22 PM 5748 (0x1674) Successfully started the ccmsetup service ccmsetup 10/29/2012 1:37:22 PM 496 (0x01F0) It is a 3-digit integer where first digit of the Status-Code defines the class of response and the last two digits do not have any categorization role Located just outside of the Providence downtown, and a relatively. There's a Language detection setting in the Settings modal which you can set to JSON. Since you only called formLogin() to enable form based authentication, you have to login. 8 to be precise), and the login service is not working properly. id); I&x27;m trying to get fields by id from <DOCTYPE html>. Copy the Postman code above and insert it into the POSTMAN CODE GOES HERE place in your weather. Enter a name for the custom connector, then navigate to the Postman collection that you downloaded or created, and choose Continue. setEnvironmentVariable("id", data. httpservletrequest get request body multiple times. json(); var username = jsonData. Dey 25, 1401 AP. Like User_choose_block, User_accept_block. Sorry, something went wrong. When l make a get request with Postman it returns 200 and in the body it gives me null instead of json and when l make a post request with Postman it returns a 204 (no content). Copy the Postman code above and insert it into the POSTMAN CODE GOES HERE place in your weather. representation ('application/json') def output_json (data, code, headers=None): resp = make_response (json. NET Core web api returns html instead of json moris27 26 May 30, 2022, 3:15 PM In a. Now, what is API chaining?. no; hj. 10-03-2019 02:07 AM. We are passing in the accept applicationjson and content-type applicationjson headers and I can see them in the pdweb. Enter a name for the custom connector, then navigate to the Postman collection that you downloaded or created, and choose Continue. You can either send form-data with that header, or in postman use raw body with type json and the postman will add that header for you. The action results helper methods are based on ObjectResult. Just solved it! using json. Add ( "x-ms-blob-type", "BlockBlob" ); var response = await client. id); I'm trying to get fields by id from <!DOCTYPE html>. Run the local server. I have disabled that and now I am getting the proper JSON response. setEnvironmentVariable("id", data. JSON requests and responses. A user has to set all the headers and cookies API expects to check the response. I have a simple Spring Boot + Spring Security REST app with quotations. houses for sale lenoir nc Solved: Hello, I have a function "Get Items" and other function to create html table with the data from "Get Items" and I send an. Instead of XML you may provide and accept entities as JSON, a simpler and more concise format. I think this example will help you to solve the issue. The services are not following the HTTP standard if they are returning HTML when the accept header specifically tells them to return application/json and nothing else. As a Postman user, I’d like to be able to document the request body when using a raw request so that other users know what the request body properties are. This tutorial walks through using the Python tableau-api-lib package and is part of a series on how to tap. Now, what is API chaining?. In API side, you also get an error page instead of JSON error: Screenshot from a Postman request. Now, we have our JSON schema we can add the code in Postman. Return a bare bones page from the server plus code (JavaScript), and have the page fetch its data and render into HTML client side. When we trigger the access policy in PostMan, it returns the html page rather than the json response as the 1st command does. In the next step you see the token that is generated for you and how to use it. As a Postman user, I’d like to be able to document the request body when using a raw request so that other users know what the request body properties are. But while try using java code using jersey rest client, its gives me html page as response. In the response body, click “Pretty” and change the format selector to “JSON” Submit another request that gets JSON The format selector has changed back to “HTML” Expected behavior I would like the format to remain JSON until I manually change it, or for JSON formatted data to be interpreted as such even if the header does not state that it is. There's no way to automagically turn arbitrary HTML into json, you'll have to do it by yourself. dumps(response) This dumps the request as a string and then converts. Due to this, I am not able to get "auth_code" which is necessary for the next step. The AAC Authentication Service doesn't work this way (unfortunately). Farvardin 19, 1400 AP. Jan 27, 2014 · Response is always displayed as HTML but have in header content-type: json · Issue #2380 · postmanlabs/postman-app-support · GitHub postmanlabs / postman-app-support Public Notifications Fork 839 Star 5. Please, let me know how to parse some fields from HTML response to next request. com" } Detailed steps to hit a PATCH request in Postman: 1. They should have cards or notes with the toasts written on them. Search: Postman S3 Upload Example. Each time I send a request I have to toggle from HTML to JSON to properly parse the response body. This is an answer to the following question on the Postman Community Forum: https://community. Choose New custom connector, then choose Import a Postman collection. HTML coming back in response instead of JSON. When we trigger the access policy in PostMan, it returns the html page rather than the json response as the 1st command does. But, if you require some customized checking on the Response, then you must start with writing test scripts. Click the " Add Field" button in the bottom right of the screen. Or set "Accept" to "application/json" to get output in JSON format:. Contact Agency. Status code gets displayed in another tab with the time taken to complete the API call. This is what it would have logged: This is showing you that resources is an array with 1 object and if you were to expand this, you will see that the objects are zero-indexed. You need to convert the response from binary to string first: response. Ensure that the field type is set to "String". a project relying on the RESTEasy Reactive JSON-B extension instead:. Content = new StringContent (jresp, Encoding. Pass an array as a parameter. Due to this, I am not able to get "auth_code" which is necessary for the next step. Once you got the schema, back to Postman, select the request you want to be validated, and edit the “ Pre-request Script ” tab, where you should add the following script ( using the schema from the step before ):. In the response body, click “Pretty” and change the format selector to “JSON” Submit another request that gets JSON The format selector has changed back to “HTML” Expected behavior I would like the format to remain JSON until I manually change it, or for JSON formatted data to be interpreted as such even if the header does not state that it is. Once you select the Mock server, a new panel will be opened. parse(responseBody); postman. Let me know if you're still stuck or the problem is elsewhere than Postman hogging cookies ;-). Rotella T5 costs $18 if you want to get your hands on one gallon of the oil. load and json. I'm using Zapier to send the request, I tried adding "accept: application/json" and "request: application/json" in the headers but no success. When a model type is returned, the return type is ObjectResult. Storing your API key as an environment variable allows you to revoke, or refresh, the value in a single spot. Add ( "x-ms-blob-type", "BlockBlob" ); var response = await client. Message 6 of 7 12,853 Views 0 Reply EHP Frequent Visitor In response to Anonymous 10-09-2020 07:55 AM @Anonymous did you get this sorted?. This is an answer to the following question on the Postman Community Forum: https://community. Please, let me know how to parse some fields from HTML response to next request. craigslist caldwell idaho

If you do not have Python 3 yet, this will get you started: guide to install Python. . Getting html response instead of json in postman

This tool provides a collection of API calls, and you need to follow these API calls for testing APIs of the application. . Getting html response instead of json in postman

Just solved it! using json. But it doesn't respond with JSON, instead it responds with HTML page. Once you select the Mock server, a new panel will be opened. (**Note: one of the headers for this response was "text/html" however it was JSON formatted and I still wanted to view it as JSON data by default) In the response body, click "Pretty" and change the format selector to "JSON". Can you help me u. To me this is clearly the wrong approach and can never be justified. There is a "Download" button in the response section of the window. In the Response Body column, instead of writing plain text, enter the response. blackhawk paramotors michigan; jw serpent; oculus quest 2 app not installing scary stories to tell at night; 2013 honda. Add ( "x-ms-blob-type", "BlockBlob" ); var response = await client. Body and Header get organized in different tabs. In the Postman header, select the settings icon , then select Settings. Try it out: Fork a collection to your own workspace to send requests and make changes. Just solved it! using json. setEnvironmentVariable("AuthToken", data. Let's see how to get the response in JSON format. I think this example will help you to solve the issue. In the Postman header, select the settings icon , then select Settings. It is a text-based data format . If you send HTML instead and expect the client to extract the data from the HTML, that's rubbish. It turned out that the Redirect after login module was redirecting to the given URL, which resulted in HTML being output. Response to the Toast to the Visitors at offer the toasts are chosen in advance and should be fully prepared. If you are interested in messaging directly from web browsers you might wanna check out our Ajax or WebSockets support or try running the REST examples. Choose New custom connector, then choose Import a Postman collection. What I have tried: Here is my product class with the set and get mehtods:. 7; App (Chrome app or Mac app):Chrome App on Mac; OS details:macOS sierra 10. Through this panel, we can create a new request. Raw The Raw view is a large text area with the response body. id); I'm trying to get fields by id from <!DOCTYPE html>. If you do not have Python 3 yet, this will get you started: guide to install Python. However some endpoints send a response with a content-type of HTML, even a HTML body. I have disabled that and now I am getting the proper JSON response. Aug 5, 2020 · If you already have the regex and just need the response as a string in order to apply it, you can get it in the tests tab of Postman by using the following command: const responseText = pm. Use the following command: npm i. id); I&x27;m trying to get fields by id from <DOCTYPE html>. Choose New custom connector, then choose Import a Postman collection. Here is where all magic happens. Unable to get proper response in ajax call, returning HTML response instead json. Once you select the Mock server, a new panel will be opened. 3 Is the Interceptor on and enabled in the app: don't know Did you encounter this recently, or has this bug always been there:Recently encountered Expected behaviour: should return JSON instead of HTML. Some of the reasons a refresh token may no longer be valid include:. I need to parse the html response data but the html to json conversion methods are not working. Here is sample response data: Looking to grab the csrftoken value from the html. This is what it would have logged: This is showing you that resources is an array with 1 object and if you were to expand this, you will see that the objects are zero-indexed. Also double check you have selected the correct HTTP method in the dropdown box, next to the input bar on postman. It turned out that the Redirect after login module was redirecting to the given URL, which resulted in HTML being output. Ensure that the field type is set to "String". id); I&x27;m trying to get fields by id from <DOCTYPE html>. Whenever I call thingworx services it is returning HTML response instead json. Similar to this command for JSON response var data = JSON. When we trigger the access policy in PostMan, it returns the html page rather than the json response as the 1st command does. The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: 👍 22 ibkernel, fineday009, chimauwah, janosh, georgetommy, JasonPan, mamur9, willysvarela, li2, shaheeeen, and 12 more reacted with thumbs up emoji. But the common format would be the JSON. id); I&x27;m trying to get fields by id from <DOCTYPE html>. 7; App (Chrome app or Mac app):Chrome App on Mac; OS details:macOS sierra 10. 3 Is the Interceptor on and enabled in the app: don't know Did you encounter this recently, or has this bug always been there:Recently encountered Expected behaviour: should return JSON instead of HTML. I am sending headers: Content-Type: application/json and data as: { "name": "admin" , "pass": "admin" } What am I missing? 8 authentication-authorization Share Improve this question Follow edited Feb 16, 2019 at 17:47 leymannx 16. This is a short tutorial how to make the first requests with Postman. If not, then see below: Quote: response. If user wants to read not parsed response he can use "Raw" tab. Zeroqode #1 no-code developer building web & mobile apps without code using the most advanced visual programming platform - Bubble. Document (response,1252) in. We have access to the variable response in the variable template. I need to parse the html response data but the html to json conversion methods are not working. If not, then see below: Quote: response. setEnvironmentVariable("id", data. jayanjoseph 1 August 2018 19:00 #1. Message 6 of 7 12,853 Views 0 Reply EHP Frequent Visitor In response to Anonymous 10-09-2020 07:55 AM @Anonymous did you get this sorted?. Jan 29, 2022 · Press Send and see the status code now. Dey 25, 1401 AP. This Postman collection makes use of a few tricks to make your life easier. httpservletrequest get request body multiple times. Variables quick start. decode('utf-8')) How do I convert a JSON Response object (jsonify from flask) to a dictionary to process. Similar to this command for JSON response var data = JSON. text (); const matches = responseText. Here, you might get the response in HTML format by default, change the format to JSON from the dropdown, and you will get the response as given above. as suggested in one of the post, But I still get HTML type of response. And the second line creates a variable in Environment, and get the. You can modify the local server&x27;s code to change the. If you do not have Python 3 yet, this will get you started: guide to install Python. decode('utf-8')) How do I convert a JSON Response object (jsonify from flask) to a dictionary to process. I have disabled that and now I am getting the proper JSON response. But it doesn't respond with JSON, instead it responds with HTML page. HTML coming back in response instead of JSON. The response viewer at the bottom contains a corresponding Test Results. Ensure that the field type is set to "String". Explain with a use case where DevOps can be used in industry/real life. Once you select the Mock server, a new panel will be opened. A browser cannot execute JavaScript files containing JSX code. Body and Header get organized in different tabs. json(); var username = jsonData. blackhawk paramotors michigan; jw serpent; oculus quest 2 app not installing scary stories to tell at night; 2013 honda. You can identify these variables by looking for values between double curly braces, such as { {advert_uuid}}. But, If I make a PUT, DELETE, etc request I get HTML back. HTML coming back in response instead of JSON. The pm. Here, you might get the response in HTML format by default, change the format to JSON from the dropdown, and you will get the response as given above. Aucun produit dans votre panier. Search: Postman Get Nested Json. ccmsetup 10/29/2012 1:37:22 PM 5748 (0x1674) Successfully started the ccmsetup service ccmsetup 10/29/2012 1:37:22 PM 496 (0x01F0) It is a 3-digit integer where first digit of the Status-Code defines the class of response and the last two digits do not have any categorization role Located just outside of the Providence downtown, and a relatively. Esfand 29, 1395 AP. no; hj. NET Web API to use a JsonFormatter to serialize the response body in the case that a request is made for text/html , the default . It says 400 BAD REQUEST. But yeah, the cURL itself works. Search: Postman Get Nested Json. JSON ( JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced / ˈdʒeɪsən /; also / ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn /) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). In the Postman header, select the settings icon , then select Settings. The Web API returns data as JSON arrays. God has given us the wisdom to follow His Word. Take a look at the response on the bottom. Message 6 of 7 12,853 Views 0 Reply EHP Frequent Visitor In response to Anonymous 10-09-2020 07:55 AM @Anonymous did you get this sorted?. The main thing to keep in mind here is that the {} and [] are reversed between M and JavaScript. For example, clearer communication and better working relationships between teams i. Let's see how to get the response in JSON format. . blackanal porn, hairymilf, verydemotivational, mamacachonda, ku basketball recruiting 2023, videos caseros porn, jappanese massage porn, yamileth ramrez, craigslist jonesboro farm and garden, naked old granny pussie pictures, bmw e60 trunk fuse, bad credit apartments near me co8rr