NSTEMI and UA are managed in the same manner. These symptoms appear to worsen with increased alcohol intake. Intravenous adenosine is instituted and her pulse decreases to 79/min. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). primary symptoms. Therapeutic index (TI) measurement of drug safety. Dec 2, 2021 · cocaine-induced rhabdomyolysis. Endocarditis is an acute cardiac condition characterized by inflammation of the heart valve, typically secondary to bacterial infection. A 6-week-old first-born baby boy presents with projectile vomiting after feedings over the last 24 hours. inactivates several factors. A physical examination demonstrates a lethargic, stocky patient with. high-output heart failure. CREST syndrome. primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a granulomatous autoimmune condition resulting in destruction of the interlobular bile ducts. these are steroid-sparing agents used to suppress the immune system, in hopes to prevent a future multiple sclerosis attack. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) L cells (endocrine cells of the intestinal epithelium) ↑ glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Addison Disease. Basic laboratory studies demonstrate a sodium level of 129 mg/dL and potassium level of 5. many patients have splenomegaly. increasing age. Events Events Questions. Bacillus anthracis. Atrial Fibrillation - Cardiovascular - Medbullets Step 2/3 Atrial Fibrillation Questions Video/Pods Snapshot A 68-year-old male presents with palpitations, lightheadedness, and weakness. confirm abnormal test if any 2 of the following are present. Depends on the underlying cause. A 37-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with subjective fever, malaise, and cough. our authors are medical students, residents, and board-certified physicians. patients with new onset atrial fibrillation become symptomatic due to rapid ventricular response (except in cases of stroke) intravenous β-blockers or nondihydropyridine calcium. right heart failure most commonly results from left heart failure. physical barriers such as mucous membranes. Explore the different types of stroke syndromes, their symptoms, localization, and imaging, and the evidence-based management of stroke patients. often long latency (e. there are multiple medications, such as. metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. > 12 consecutive weeks. surgery within the past 4 weeks or immobilization for the past 3 days + 1. She says the discharge has a greenish hue and her symptom is accompanied by postcoital bleeding and a burning sensation in her vaginal area. surgery within the past 4 weeks or immobilization for the past 3 days + 1. 4°F (38. pulmonary function tests. can serve as an alternative contraceptive in women with contraindications to estrogen or if estrogen causes additional health risks. Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membrane. Selective β-blockers. A 54-year-old man presents to the emergency department 30 minutes after developing crushing sternal chest pain that radiates down the left arm and to the jaw. The site also allows surgeons to create and join colleague groups, share surgical cases, and consult with other surgeons. failure to ventilate. are composed of two heavy chains paired with two light chains. Angina pectoris. Distal renal tubular acidosis (type 1) urine pH > 5. an obstructive pattern of FEV1/FVC < 70% is consistent with diagnosis. patients must have low-risk for amoxicillin resistance. a low fiber, high fat diet. failure to oxygenate. Alveolar gas equation. atrial fibrillation. Stevens-Johnson Ssyndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) – two diseases on the same spectrum. Spinal Cord Lesions. often develops in childhood but may develop at any age. , atrial or atrioventricular node tissues) also known. ↓ glucagon secretion. Use the Medbullets app to access bullets, questions, evidence, video, and images for each topic and test your knowledge with the numeric key. may demonstrate ST segment depressions. low lung volume at the beginning of inspiration causes strong inspiration and inspiratory “whoop”. On physical exam, he has bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and a mediastinal mass. prolonged vasoconstriction can lead to ischemia and necrosis of muscle cells. MEDBULLETS STEP 2 AND 3 Events. pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most likely diagnosis +3. eliminate insulin resistance. decreased albumin can cause a decreased total calcium but a normal free calcium (thus the patient is asymptomatic) ionized fraction of calcium < 4. , childhood abuse may appear as PTSD as an adult) ETIOLOGY. He has a 30-pack-year smoking history and drinks alcohol regularly. A 35-year-old G4P3 at 35 weeks gestation presents to the emergency room with nausea, vomiting, and right upper quadrant pain. Stay ahead by continuously benchmarking yourself with our bi-monthly Milestone Exams. twists around SMA. postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis is a complication of myocardial infarction within 1-3 days. She denies pain and is not using any hormonal contraception. The patient has poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus. His symptoms are associated with 2 episodes of mild hemoptysis and night sweats. there are multiple medications, such as. inflammation is caused by leakage of pancreatic enzymes into pancreatic tissue. Can increase risk for intussusception. On physical examination, the man has scant hair in the axilla and pubic areas, small and. specialized cells such as neutrophils. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prominent form of cardiomyopathy characterized by the thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle. this increases the amount of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. A 27-year-old woman with vitiligo presents to her primary care physician with progressive fatigue and weight loss despite a good appetite. an acute worsening of a patient's respiratory symptoms leading to a change in treatment. can serve as an alternative contraceptive in women with contraindications to estrogen or if estrogen causes additional health risks. result of increased production of PDGF. complement levels. 0°C or <36. morning stiffness that lasts > 1 hour. Diabetes Mellitus. oliguric (maintenance) phase. His symptoms are accompanied by anxiety. A 20-year-old woman who is a vegan with a history of heavy menses presents with fatigue. often occurs in the setting of existing systolic or diastolic dysfunction. postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis is a complication of myocardial infarction within 1-3 days. fatigue and depression. Anticoagulantsdecrease the formation of fibrin clots. chronic diarrhea lasts > 4 weeks and is often caused by underlying conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or fat malabsorption. can be used immediately post-partum. Prevention, Prognosis, and Complications. A 46-year-old African American male presents for an opthalmic examination. Oct 5, 2022 · lung cancer is a malignancy that affects the lung parenchyma or airways. Chronic sinusitis. Jul 6, 2021 · Clonidine, α-methyldopa. Clinical definition. About this app. Chronic sinusitis. VDJ recombination in order to. Can cause hyperuricemia and hepatoxicity. acute gout attacks typically self-resolve in 1-2 weeks; however, treatment will hasten recovery. caused by Staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococci. failure to oxygenate. in particular proximal convoluted tubule and thick ascending limb are affected. a state of increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 25 mmHg (at rest) in the absence of lung or left-sided heart disease. An ultrasound shows a lower extremity DVT. The patient has poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus. High-pitched blowing heard at end of expiration. common warts (verruca vulgaris) flat warts (verruca plana) HPV type 3 and 10. contains ovarian artery/vein, nerves, and lymphatics. can develop weeks to months after an MI (Dressler syndrome) Anatomy. central vertigo nystagmus is. Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) A 42-year-old man presents to his primary care physician's office for easy bruising and gingival bleeding. Dec 30, 2021 · Definition inflammation of the meninges that can be caused by infection (bacterial, viral, and fungal) autoimmune disease malignancy medications Etiology infection bacterial viral fungal autoimmune disease neurosarcoid Behcet syndrome malignancy leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. in particular proximal convoluted tubule is affected. FEV1:FVC ratio. On physical exam, the patient is having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Thyroid Cancer. second most common cancer. Number of times each topic has been tested on the OITE exam in the last 8 years. annually there are 3 cases per 100,000 adults. A 27-year-old woman with vitiligo presents to her primary care physician with progressive fatigue and weight loss despite a good appetite. right heart failure most commonly results from left heart failure. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Basic laboratory studies demonstrate a sodium level of 129 mg/dL and potassium level of 5. Midgut volvulus. Prevention, Prognosis, and Complications. Clinical definition. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) A 46-year-old man with chronic alcohol abuse and advanced cirrhosis presents with worsening abdominal pain and confusion. She reports feeling increasing fatigue. maintainance of immunological memory by storage of long lived cells. A young mother brings her 2-year-old son to the pediatrician reporting that he has had recurrent "belly aches" for the past two weeks. pulmonary function tests. catalyzes the binding of antithrombin III to multiple clotting factors. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) A 27-year-old G1P0 woman present to the labor and delivery floor for labor. Midgut volvulus. Antihypertensive medications are used to manage hypertension in patients where conservative measures are ineffective. Stevens-Johnson Ssyndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) – two diseases on the same spectrum. shoulder pain (referred pain) pericarditis is innervated by phrenic nerve. Basic laboratory studies demonstrate a sodium level of 129 mg/dL and potassium level of 5. pulse is 100/min +1. compromises blood flow to bowel. QBank Search Questions My TestMaster Create Personal Test Create Group Test Enter Test. ↑ serum creatinine of 1. differentiating factors. Heard in lateral left decubitus position. Tracking tools monitor your progress and help you learn more efficiently by decreasing redundancy in the future. 4 mg/dL. Antigen Presentation. 20% among women < 50 years of age. acute kidney injury. depressant withdrawal generally more life-threatening than stimulant withdrawal. He reports his symptoms began one day prior to presentation and has never occurred before. Medical history is significant for a recently diagnosed hepatitis C infection. twists around SMA. 3rd: external compression due to rise of pressure inside organ, especially hollow organs, leading to organ rupture. Addison Disease. inability to protect airway. serum total calcium < 8. High-pitched blowing heard at end of expiration. Sep 27, 2021 · Atrial Fibrillation - Cardiovascular - Medbullets Step 2/3 Atrial Fibrillation Questions Video/Pods Snapshot A 68-year-old male presents with palpitations, lightheadedness, and weakness. does not typically present with sore throat and lymphadenopathy. if consistent with obstructive lung disease, reverse with a beta-agonist. chronic fatigue syndrome. are composed of two heavy chains paired with two light chains. in a patient with impaired kidney/liver function, maintenance dose decreases. She uses multiple sanitary pads per day. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) A 24-year-old woman presents to the ED with acute-onset fatigue, fever, and blurry vision. Associated conditions. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked genetic disorder that causes an intrinsic hemolytic anemia. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked genetic disorder that causes an intrinsic hemolytic anemia. Dec 15, 2021 · Anemia Overview. majority in ileum. His blood pressure is 145/80 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, and. fractional excretion of sodium > 2%. may be associated with nausea or vomiting. Typically secondary to atherosclerosis. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PCP) A 45-year-old woman presents to the clinic for a nonproductive cough of 2 weeks. based on the Light criteria, a pleural effusion is said to be exudative if any of the above is met. Events Events Questions. 0°C or <36. Cardiac Tamponade is a rare condition caused by the accumulation of fluid or blood in the pericardial sac that leads to compression of the heart. acquired immune-mediated destruction of otherwise normal platelets. Top 100 High Yield Topics. urinary tract infections (UTI) can either be asymptomatic or symptomatic and encompasses. may be helpful in specifically identifying abscess collection, though usually not required for making diagnosis. It consists of multiple lines of defense including. acute osteomyelitis. energy reserves that can provide glucose during a fast or ↑ energy demand. β1= β2. Peak guides you to the most relevant content based on your learning needs and helps you engage with content more effectively with tools like highlighting and personal notes. common in young, active patients. Tracking tools monitor your progress and help you learn more efficiently by decreasing redundancy in the future. underlying pulmonary disease. 5 g/day) if the nephritic syndrome is severe enough it can lead to nephrotic range proteinuria (> 3. morning stiffness that lasts > 1 hour. Dec 24, 2021 · obtained in virtually all patients with interstitial lung disease. Can cause optic neuropathy (red-green color blindness) Daptomycin. Reduces renin secretion. In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Salmonella typhi. serve as a primary component of humoral immunity. cells respond to stress (e. Caplan syndrome. Learn how to identify and classify heart murmurs based on their location, shape, sound, and characteristics. both function as part of an afferent system. She thinks she has a urinary tract infection. Peak guides you to the most relevant content based on your learning needs and helps you engage with content more effectively with tools like highlighting and personal notes. His symptoms are associated with 2 episodes of mild hemoptysis and night sweats. anion gap is very useful for narrowing the differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Part of RIPE therapy for TB. increase in serum creatinine by ≥ 0. She received little prenatal care due to poor insurance. Therapeutic index (TI) measurement of drug safety. high-output heart failure. He denies any sick contacts or recent travels; however, he states he was released from prison 4 months ago. There is no cervical lymphadenopathy. Show The Medbullets Step 2 & 3 Podcast, Ep Psychiatry | Paraphilias - Dec 15, 2023. A 32-year-old woman complains of fatigue and difficulty swallowing for the past month. craigslist cambridge
On physical exam, you palpate an olive-shaped mass in the epigastric region. . Medbullets
differentiating factors. inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ↓ angiotensin II (AT II) recall that AT II increases blood pressure by constricting renal and peripheral vasculature and increasing sodium reasorption in the kidney. The patient recently started college and was living in the dorms. persistent hypertension SBP > 185 mmHg or DBP > 110 mmHg. false negative rate = 1-sensitivity. if untreated, can result in septic shock. During the first 72 hours of admission, she becomes confused with increased work of breathing. differentiate into plasma cells that specialize in secreting antibodies. occlusion of a coronary artery disrupts the blood supply to a region in the myocardium. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) A 39-year-old woman presents with abnormal heavy menstrual bleeding along with increased pelvic pressure. His only medical problems are hypertension, managed with medication, and hyperlipidemia, controlled with diet. Find out the types, symptoms, and localization of different stroke syndromes, such as anterior, posterior, and lacunar infarcts, and the indications and methods of imaging and lab testing. shock secondary to intracardiac causes results in a decreased cardiac output. this results in death of renal tubular cells. abnormal rotation of bowel due to pathologic adhesions fixating the bowel around itself. often occurs in the setting of existing systolic or diastolic dysfunction. inciting event. A 68-year-old man presents to the emergency department for worsening shortness of breath. She reports that over the past few weeks, she has had some increased urinary frequency and thirst and recently went to an urgent care center for a urinary tract infection. metabolites of myoglobin also directly causes damage to tubules. annually there are 3 cases per 100,000 adults. anti-ischemic therapy. in particular proximal convoluted tubule is affected. sputum volume or character change. She reports that over the past few weeks, she has had some increased urinary frequency and thirst and recently went to an urgent care center for a urinary tract infection. Basic laboratory studies demonstrate a sodium level of 129 mg/dL and potassium level of 5. persistent diarrhea lasts 2-4 weeks. Interstitial Lung Disease. patients can present with repeated attacks. 8 (3. can be acute or chronic, and may recur. He recently immigrated from Central Africa and currently lives. Explore the different types of stroke syndromes, their symptoms, localization, and imaging, and the evidence-based management of stroke patients. inflammation is caused by leakage of pancreatic enzymes into pancreatic tissue. vitamin D deficiency. increase of ≥ 12% from baseline and ≥ 200 mL. A 32-year-old woman complains of fatigue and difficulty swallowing for the past month. characterized by abdominal pain and nonbloody diarrhea. Neoplasia of mature myeloid cells. FEV1:FVC ratio. typically symptoms persists months or years postinfection. vitamin D deficiency. Over 200,000 physicians learn and collaborate together in our online community. 116 upvotes · 50 comments. In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Salmonella typhi. He also has a unrelenting cough that is bothersome to him and keeps him from. pain, stiffness, and/or swelling of the joint such as the. pain, stiffness, and/or swelling of the joint such as the. morning stiffness that lasts > 1 hour. Pace yourself by studying 1090 tested topics over 180 days. Clinical definition. Spinal Cord Lesions. He also has a unrelenting cough that is bothersome to him and keeps him from. often occur in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. influenza vaccine. Events Events Questions. New to Medbullets? Join for free. Bacillus anthracis. Coming in 2021! Diagnostic exam data will be integrated with Anconeus to ensure that the algorithm is more precise and effective. ingestion of spores. She thinks she has a urinary tract infection. Clinical definition. Opportunistic Mycoses. Ulcerative Colitis. Inhibits arabinosyltransferase (inhibiting production of mycobacterium cell wall) Part of RIPE therapy for TB and used for M. males > females. mature to make antibodies with higher affinity. It aims to improve orthopaedic education efficiency, structure, and rewards through the collaborative efforts of its members. He reports his symptoms began one day prior to presentation and has never occurred before. A two-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department because of diarrhea, poor feeding, abdominal distention, and vomiting for the past 3 days. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and PPD. celiac disease. The companion APP for Orthobullets. these are steroid-sparing agents used to suppress the immune system, in hopes to prevent a future multiple sclerosis attack. air entry into the chest cavity that causes collapse of the lung without signs of tension physiology (hypotension, tachycardia, and jugular venous distention (JVD)) primary pneumothorax. serum total calcium < 8. Aug 19, 2022 · preferred over oral prednisone in acute multiple sclerosis attacks with optic neuritis. low lung volume at the beginning of inspiration causes strong inspiration and inspiratory “whoop”. The mother says the only change has been that she recently began giving him milk products. patients may have peripheral edema and hemoptysis. On physical exam, the patient is having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Depends on the underlying cause. there are multiple medications, such as. most notably megakaryocytes. patients with new onset atrial fibrillation become symptomatic due to rapid ventricular response (except in cases of stroke) intravenous β-blockers or nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Symptoms/physical exam. increase of ≥ 12% from baseline and ≥ 200 mL. Dec 2, 2021 · cocaine-induced rhabdomyolysis. chronic fatigue syndrome. prolonged vasoconstriction can lead to ischemia and necrosis of muscle cells. Her last pregnancy was delivered by cesarean section. She denies any fevers or chills. He recently immigrated from Central Africa and currently lives. most infections are asymptomatic. high cardiac output and ↓ systemic vascular resistance. On pelvic examination, there is an enlarged uterus with asymmetric contours. no underlying pulmonary disease. the most common cause of short stature and pubertal delay. To create an account and start learning, you need to enter. A 50-year-old woman with a history of acid reflux presents to her primary care physician for intermittent non-exertional chest pain. inciting event. He has a medical history of coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. typically patients do not require treatment. chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by an environmental agent (gliadin component of gluten) in genetically predisposed individuals. typically symptom onset is within 2 weeks postinfection. Most commonly seen in older adults (5th/6th decade) Result of a JAK2 kinase mutation. Oct 1, 2021 · Left sternal border with patient leaning forward. Stay ahead by continuously benchmarking yourself with our bi-monthly Milestone Exams. stimulating autoantibodies against the TSH receptor. 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