Jul 18, 2020 · Now, we will deploy the pfSense Firewall in VMWare Workstation. I use a similar setup as Fwehrle. reboot and test. Select menu: Interfaces-> (assign) Click the Plus button to add new interface. Such VLANs can be associated to specific network cards and provide great flexibility to easily separate and isolate different traffic types. Hello, Im trying to acess the internet but i cant. Apr 12, 2019 · Click Interfaces -> Assign -> Wireless In the "Parent interface" drop-down you should see your wireless card. This is working fine. A few basics are covered here, the details can be found in Interface Types and Configuration. Thats why you see an ARP (Layer 2) broadcast, asking "who has this IP in the local network assigned?". Here is a list of the existent interfaces on our Pfsense server before our configuration: • WAN - 200. To assign a new interface: Navigate to Interfaces > Assignments. In this set up there will be 2 different VLANs: VLAN 10 (Lab/Management): Can access all other network segments. Normally each interface on the pfSense® firewall represents its own broadcast domain with a unique IP subnet. Select General Configuration->IPv4 Configuration Type->DHCP to get the IP address of OPT1 from. Method 1 - disabling packet filter. The initial configuration process is very. Your card is detected by pfSense. The pfSense take a little time to reload all changes, and there is no loss in network connectivity. I have a rule to allow all traffic from LAN to any. From the drop-down menu click Backup & Restore. I would also like to. 👉 Install pfSense from USB - The Complete Guide. Repeat on additional interfaces to be included in the bridge. pfSense short config summary: WAN interface is on a registered Internet block of addresses connected to ISP via fibre LAN interface has IP address 10. Go to VPN > IPsec using the menu and click add phase1 entry on the Tunnels tab. By default, pfsense won't "route" to private network addresses on ports it considers to be the WAN port. Pfsense acts a firewall device and has full routing functionality as a high-end device vty=sc” somewhere near the top (before any other customizations you’ve added), or at the end of the file if you’ve never edited it before Enter an appropriate Description which will become the interface name (e. qc pu. Hello, Im trying to acess the internet but i cant. Under pfSense , I have created the vlan under network assignments, and assigned that vlan to opt1 with an IP. 5 and are intended for users with a basic home network setup (192. 09: Link failover for ADSL link 1 (wan1/isp1) When two gateways are on different tiers, the lower tier gateway (s) are preferred. 7) to connect to anywhere in my 192. But, just the opposite doesn't work. Setup pfSense 2. Click the Add button to add a new Virtual IP address. pfSense handles the NAT to connect to the internet and DHCP to all hosts. Find your ExpressVPN account credentials 2. ip; vd. « on: March 01, 2017, 01:44:21 pm ». Pfsense is virtualized under proxmox and eth4 on my intel I350-t nic is bridged to the. Forums - Linus Tech Tips. My new setup now has a wireless card that fully functions and in the settings DHCP is setup. By default, ping to WAN address is disabled on pfSense for security reason. You shouldn't need any NAT rules for this operation so re-check those. The WAN interface is your connection to the outside world. Fix a Static IPv4 and edit Interfaces OPT1, OPT2 WAN 3. 1 to open the pfSense frontend. pfSense finishes loading and I can now login and use the firewall, and everything works great - until I reboot the firewall, then I have to recreate the VLANS from the console again. My new setup now has a wireless card that fully functions and in the settings DHCP is setup. So my next thought was that it was a firewall rule for that interface so I essentially allowed any:any: Here is also the DHCP scope setup. Such an interface will be used by the pfSense NTP server to sent out time queries from remote hosts as well as server the NTP clients. I have a PFsense router which divides a single WAN connection into three NAT networks on three interfaces: LAN, OPT1 and OPT2. This will give you a wizard that guides you through the initial setup process. Jul 05, 2014 · The PfSense box is also acting as our DHCP server for both VLANs. x) generate a clipped rrd with Cacti. Please keep in mind, that this will block a single IP-Adress. Interface Description. · Instead of ISP IP addresses as gateways, you could use two tier-based gateway teams. I have a basic setup; 1 WAN interface with connection. Action -> Pass, Interface -> OPT1. I put these rules because of this problem. qc pu. 👀 This Tutorial has some related Articles! 👉 The Complete pfSense Fundamentals Bootcamp. We upgraded to the new ; 2016. Virtual LANs (VLANs) Bridging. The default access control for the LAN interface is full access. IPv4 Configuration Type = none. On Lan interface only one rule allowing any trafic from this net to any On opt1 interface only one rule allowing all trafic to any. If it's not enabled, Clients on VLAN 20 will not be able to get out to the Internet. Click on OPT1 to edit the interface. writing configuration. On the Interface Assignments tab, select the new link aggregation port and click on the Add button. pfSense handles the NAT to connect to the internet and DHCP to all hosts. Sep 22, 2015 · pfSense Wi-Fi Setup Wi-Fi interfaces added. Access the LAGGs tab and click on the Add button. OPT1 > mvneta0. OPT1 > mvneta0. 14 Mei 2017. On the top row of tabs under the Interfaces section of the pfSense web GUI one can see a tab labeled “Bridges” on the right side of the screen. 02: The default WAN, LAN, and unconfigured ath0 wifi interfaces Select igb3 network port from drop down menu (or which ever is free in your router) and click on the Add button to create OPT1:. PfSense not responding to ping on WAN interface. OPNsense Interface Menu. Shutdown the pfSense VM; Run these commands:. In our example, The LAGG0 was assigned to our Pfsense firewall. Enter your username and password in the login page. 1/24 and with DHCP enabled. If failed, make sure you have firewall rule setup at OPT1 to allow Internet access. It indicates, "Click to perform a search". Create OpenVPN interface. wan, opt1). Click Add. Routed segment on an OPT interface¶. It has Squid, Squidproxy, and a Captive Portal using FreeRADIUS authentication all running like a dream. 1 subnet does not work. To enable them, first connect the Application Server to the physical OPT1 port and the Monitor Server to the OPT2 port. To access the pfSense webconfigurator, open a web browser on a computer connected to your firewall and enter https:// [your LAN IP address]. Click Save then Apply changes a the top. The wireless card must be assigned as an OPT interface and enabled before the remaining configuration can be completed. Pfsense change interface speed 1. opp jail roster ford focus sync 3 apim ebay refund method reddit Tech planetary alignment spiritual meaning june 24 2022 how does para work with doordash arrowhead water delivery near me ready player me codes pittsburgh community choir. the traffic between 192. Connect to the VL40_GUEST network and verify. To use the pfSense OpenVPN client, you first need to add the ProtonVPN certificate. The default gateway of your switch should point to the LAN IP of PFSense (Address of OPT1 Interface). On the top row of tabs under the Interfaces section of the pfSense web GUI one can see a tab labeled “Bridges” on the right side of the screen. Sep 22, 2015 · pfSense Wi-Fi Setup Wi-Fi interfaces added. And then you'll. Even though pfSense shows the VPN as connected, VMs on its LAN won't have Internet connectivity until you have added and enabled the openvpn interface, and rebooted. Give it an IP on the school network. You'll need a properly configured WAN interface (as described in the previous chapter) and an Internet connection. When in use as an access point, naming the interface WLAN (Wireless LAN) or Wireless, or naming it after the SSID makes it easier to identify. Figure 2: pfSense in dual WAN. Try: OPT1 * * * * none Default Rule for OPT1 to any. I have a PFsense router which divides a single WAN connection into three NAT networks on three interfaces: LAN, OPT1 and OPT2. I added a secondary nic, and configured it from the terminal (assigned the interface, set the ip). Additionally, pfSense changed some of the code in. Pfsense change interface speed 1. The BRIDGE0 will be your new LAN network. The new interface will be named OPT1 with a network port of ovpnc1 (). Dest - > Any. Internet comes to our office (Little company) via a Linksys E900 Router. Action -> Pass, Interface -> OPT1. In this video, I show you how to configure pfSense bridge over multiple NICs as LAN0:00 Introduction0:02 Interfaces Assignments0:34 . 4092 writing configuration. Change this to ‘Manual Outbound NAT rule generation’ and click Save. Interface The interface through which the gateway is reached. The most important rule first off is to block access to the pfSense web interface where applicable. Address Family : IPv4. Set Description to DMZ. Interface assignments and the creation of new virtual interfaces are all handled under Interfaces > Assignments. Once you've figured out which interface it's using, create a gateway on that interface in pfsense and define a static route to 10. Additionally, pfSense changed some of the code in. 1 subnet works perfectly. Change IPv4 Configuration to Static. On the top row of tabs under the Interfaces section of the pfSense web GUI one can see a tab labeled “Bridges” on the right side of the screen. If your LAN interface is assigned to a different number, type that number instead. Access the Pfsense Interfaces menu and select Assignments option. VLAN 1 works without issue. I had to change the ip inside my network on my clients to subnet 192. This is to test Internet access for interface OPT1. Click on the Interfaces > Assign. Create the rules to pass the traffic you need to pass on OPTX interfaces after you create them. 1 2 2 comments Best. Enable DHCP on the bridge interface by going to 'Services → DHCP server'. tu — Best overall; uo — Best for beginners building a professional blog; av — Best for artists, and designers; fv — Best for networking; nf — Best for writing to a built-in audience. This makes all your DNS requests fail and then it can seem like none of your stuff is working. 18 Nov 2009. 201 to 192. By default pfSense doesn't add any rules for the Interfaces other than WAN and LAN, so LAN-2 which is probably (at least originally) OPT1 in . from 192. com from the pfsense,. You really need to provide more info to get valid help. 1 (24) static with DHCP enabled, no gateway set. Disable DHCP on NIC1 by going to 'Services → DHCP server' and include NIC1 into the bridge which is set up in Step 3 by going to 'Interfaces → Assign → Bridges'. Available interfaces: 1 - WAN (vtnet0 - static) 2 - LAN (vtnet1) Enter the number of the interface you wish to configure: 2. As you can see there is a route to the 172. Make sure lan and opt1 are on different subnets. Select menu: Interfaces-> (assign) Click the Plus button to add new interface. Click Add. 200 • LAN - 192. Click on Save. # Change Interface to wAN. Here you can select LAN and WiFi interfaces and create a bridge. 11n support. 1 pfSense short config summary: WAN interface is on a registered Internet block of addresses connected to ISP via fibre LAN interface has IP address 10. LAN: configured with 192. OPT1 > mvneta0. Action -> Pass, Interface-> OPT1 Protocol -> Any Source -> OPT1 Subnet Dest - > Any If that works then you can change it to see if u can get it to work like the tutorial. f) Add an additional vmbr2 interface with bridge-ports set to none and no ip configuration. /24 Works and can ping. When I set up my pfSense, the first LAN did the subnet correctly; like always. The LAN can access the internet with no issue. I have a rule to allow all traffic from LAN to any. BRIDGE0 : OPT1, OPT2, OPT3. In PfSense versions before 2. pfSense short config summary: WAN interface is on a registered Internet block of addresses connected to ISP via fibre LAN interface has IP address 10. Where the connection between pfsense's WAN and the physical interface in the host eth1 is a bridge connection and intnet is an host only network which acts as a switch between the pfsense's LAN and. 14 Mei 2017. I can ping devices from OPT1 -> to -> LAN; but i cannot ping from LAN -> to -> OPT1. 26 Jun 2008. il Fiction Writing. Setting time zone is shown in the below given snapshot. How to do it. Pfsense one interface VPN: Start staying safe today Now let's create the actual VPN Things, the pfsense force interface It won't work with. · 5m · edited 5m. VLAN 2 however the clients can get IP addresses but cannot access the internet. Check DNS: Try to lookup pfsense. 0/24 so with all that out the way the issues is if the VPN is off the traffic routs fine out OPT1. Useful for temporary or first time setup. Any ideas what it's not saving my interface assignments? Thanks in advance. VLAN 1 works without issue. I have a virtual network on my desktop using hyper-v. 3/24 OPT1 interface has IP address 192. Save and Apply Changes. Enable DHCP on the bridge interface by going to 'Services → DHCP server'. The configuration has the same type of default. 5So if you have a firewall with only two interfaces, this is exactly for you, as we show how to cr. The wireless card must be assigned as an OPT interface and enabled before the remaining configuration can be completed. The next thing we need to do is create the virtual interface that will host the VPN network segment (the subnet you become a part of after a successful VPN connection) on our pfSense box. You shouldn't need any NAT rules for this operation so re-check those. Not sure if it's relevant but my pfSense installation defaulted to 443/HTTPS. com from the pfsense,. I put these rules because of this problem. You really need to provide more info to get valid help. There is a PC connected directly behind OPT1, and a switch connected behind OPT2 with multiple computers behind it. pfSense creates a rule for your LAN-Interface to allow connections on every port. Browse to the pfSense ® CE GUI and login. Pfsense cannot ping opt1 from lan. Select General Configuration->IPv4 Configuration Type->DHCP to get the IP address of OPT1 from. This makes all your DNS requests fail and then it can seem like none of your stuff is working. Restart the OpenVPN service by clicking the stop button, waiting, and then the play button. Select igb3 network port from drop down menu (or which ever is free in your router) and click on the Add button to create OPT1: Fig. To assign a new interface: Navigate to Interfaces > Assignments. Give the certificate a name and like the last step, populate the location information if you'd like. roblox aut script 2022. 21 IP address and can ping the other Laptop in LAN has 192. Your card is detected by pfSense. I don't know, if IPv6 affets it? All the configs for IPv6 is default after factory reset. Problem summary: I cannot route from. 0/24 is the ip range I'm using for the opt interface. Available interfaces: 1 - WAN (vtnet0 - static) 2 - LAN (vtnet1) Enter the number of the interface you wish to configure: 2. rare hunting knives. To enable it back, just type pfctl -e. Trafic from Lan can't reach outside world, this only is happening when the firewall is enabled, when I disable the firewall I can reach outside from Lan. 21 IP address and can ping the other Laptop in LAN has 192. # pfsense. Under the Interfaces tree select Other Types, then Bridge. You really need to provide more info to get valid help. Step #1: Add OPT1 and OPT2 interface. Jan 06, 2018 · By opt interface to port 80/443 I mean that you have to create a firewall rule to allow traffic from any client in your OPT-subnet to anywhere. Step #1: Access pfSense via web browser and go to "System" and then click "Cert. I then edited the VLAN 2 on ix2 interface to be Static IPv4, IPv4 Address 10. Click System. This is working fine. I have a rule to allow all traffic from LAN to any. Enter the number that corresponds to the type of the interface you want to. At the next step, give the OpenVPN server a description. Assign wireless interface This is somewhat confusing since you already "added" the card. em1 - LAN - DHCP 192. - The physical port from above is connected to a port on your pfSense box on let's say the OPT1 interface. pfSense finishes loading and I can now login and use the firewall, and everything works great - until I reboot the firewall, then I have to recreate the VLANS from the console again. Hướng dẫn này sẽ giúp Nat cho các IP thuộc dải LAN có thể truy cập ra internet thông qua Port WAN. The sub-interface named OPT1 will be a member of the VLAN 10 and will use the IP address 192. Firewall requires a minimum of 2 network interfaces, 1 for connecting to WAN , 1 for. claiborne subdivision greenwood sc Search: Pfsense Configure Opt Interface. To open the NAT, the first thing we have to do is go to the “Firewall / NAT” section, and in the “Port forward” tab create a new rule. Make sure the localhost line is also configured for port 53. pfSense® software supports numerous types of network interfaces, either using physical interfaces directly or by employing other protocols such as PPP or VLANs. I have gone through the documentations but am lost. Try: OPT1 * * * * none Default Rule for OPT1 to any. It indicates, "Click to perform a search". That pfSense has four interfaces: - WAN - LAN - OPT1 - OPTs The WAN has all five static IPs; the LAN a 10. Click Enable, leave all other settings default. If I ran Pfsense on the hardware itself then there was no problem. I would also like to keep the OPT1 interface from being able to access LAN1 and make it strictly guest access. Click on OPT1 to edit the interface. Dest - > Any. Save and apply any remaining settings and you should be up and running. Both LAN and OPT1 Firewall Rules are: IPv4 ANY ANY, IPv6 ANY ANY. The very first step is to incorporate a feature packed network firewall as the cornerstone of setting up subnets for the home network. To access the pfSense through a web browser, you need a machine on the same network. Click on the Save button to create a Link aggregation interface. I would also like to keep the OPT1 interface from being able to access LAN1 and make it strictly guest access. By default, we have two interfaces with the following configuration: WAN: configured as DHCP client without VLANs or any additional configuration. The pfSense website mentions that, by default, traffic using a proxy such as Squid will bypass policy routing and use the default route for traffic at all times. The hosts with the arp messages are hooked up to a switch that is connected to the PFSense box's OPT1 interface. 0/16) but i cannot ping or trace anything from LAN-2 to LAN-1, or even to the internet. pfSense® Interface Configuration Menu. Create OpenVPN interface. up the bridge interface if it isn't already. In this example, a cable modem provides the Internet connection from our local Internet Service Provider ( ISP), but pfSense will support every other major connection method. 0/24 address range and have assigned the. 27 Jun 2021. teradataml python example
Open the PFsense web GUI, and navigate to: Services, Unbound DNS. . Pfsense no internet on opt1 interface
VLAN 1 works without issue. Step #1: Access pfSense via web browser and go to "System" and then click "Cert. VLAN 2 however the clients can get IP addresses but cannot access the internet. Plug in the LAN interface ¶. Here is a list of the existent interfaces on our Pfsense server before our configuration: • WAN - 200. Doh, due to my baby-level knowledge of advanced. Firewall requires a minimum of 2 network interfaces, 1 for connecting to WAN, 1 for connecting to LAN (internal home network). 1/24 A separate wireless network exists on 172. So when PfSense tried to ping a server for example on the 192. The first thing we have to do is enter pfSense with the default gateway. " messages. b>No matter what I do I cannot get internet access through. No matter what I do I cannot get internet access through. I have a rule to allow all traffic from LAN to any. I can access the web interface, however, there is no internet connectivity. You need to open the VMWare workstation and navigate to File >> New Virtual Machine (Ctrl+N). As of April 25, children aged five to 11 who are travelling with a fully vaccinated parent or guardian will no longer be required to complete a COVID-19 test prior to entering Canada, regardless. (like your OPT1, it's labeled with the interface. Connecting from any of the interfaces behind pfSense can connect to the net. Firewall rule allowing traffic from OPT1 NET to port 443 and port 80 on the OPT1 Address. So my next thought was that it was a firewall rule for that interface so I essentially allowed any:any: Here is also the DHCP scope setup. In the Interfaces > Interface Assignments menu select the. We get all the benefits of support and hardware we know will work reliably in any setting. Address Family : IPv4. Ive posted to the PFsense forum and have gotten complete silence. Disable DHCP on NIC1 by going to 'Services → DHCP server' and include NIC1 into the bridge which is set up in Step 3 by going to 'Interfaces → Assign → Bridges'. 0/24 Works and can ping 10. Now, if you navigate to Interfaces > Assignments you should see that there's a new interface called "ovpnc1" available to be added. 253 with Gateway 192. 1/24 and with DHCP enabled. You will see "Available network ports:". I have a PFsense router which divides a single WAN connection into three NAT networks on three interfaces: LAN, OPT1 and OPT2. Jul 10, 2017 · Posted July 11, 2017. Repeat on additional interfaces to be included in the bridge. There is a PC connected directly behind OPT1, and a switch connected behind OPT2 with multiple computers behind it. Next, let's add a VLAN assignment to the WAN interface. In this menu we will have different configuration options, but basically what we will have to fill in is the following: Interface : WAN. Doh, due to my baby-level knowledge of advanced. 254) click Save near end of the page. azhar site google drive. No matter which port I try, I cannot get internet. Jun 21, 2022 · Disable dial-on-demand if the interface must remain disconnected. No matter which port I try, I cannot get internet. Source -> OPT1 Subnet. In my opinion, the best is to utilize the defense of the ESXi, to make your pfsense simpler. I found until I gave pfsense a static IP and then under WAN interface, specified the upstream gateway IP, it wouldnt work. Manager → Add. The next window shows the setting for the WAN interface. On the prompt screen, enter the Pfsense Default Password login information. Method 1 – disabling packet filter. This allows me to segregate my network so that computers. Setup VPN connection inside pfSense; Setup interface with that VPN connection;. 3/24 OPT1 interface has IP address 192. 201 to 192. Don't worry about the "MANAGEMENT:. OPT interface - No Internet Access. VLAN 2 however the clients can get IP addresses but cannot access the internet. Try: OPT1 * * * * none Default Rule for OPT1 to any. To create the VLAN's we: Go to Interfaces > Assignments. Use a static IPv4 address of 172. If your LAN interface is assigned to a different number, type that number instead. 3/24 OPT1 interface has IP. ethernet cable shield grounding techniques. A very common pfSense basic configuration is to have two interfaces: WAN and LAN with LAN allowed unlimited access to the internet and the firewall blocking unsolicited access from the internet to LAN. com from the pfsense,. To open the NAT, the first thing we have to do is go to the “Firewall / NAT” section, and in the “Port forward” tab create a new rule. the two interfaces. PFSense – Enable Console Login Open a browser software, enter the IP address of your Pfsense firewall and access web interface. 200 • LAN - 192. No Internet on OPT1 : r/PFSENSE Hello! I have a Firebox M400 running pfSense, which has 6 RJ-45 interfaces. 200 • LAN - 192. Oct 06, 2021 · Check DNS: Try to lookup pfsense. Check Enable Interface. 1 * via DHCP with reserved network blocking unchecked ( for now ) LAN: 192. On the General Information page, type in gw01 as your Hostname, accept the other default settings, and click Next. 201 to 192. # config vpn ipsec phase1-interface. I have an APU router and want to have a full gigabit internet. 1 subnet works perfectly. The sub-interface named OPT1 will be a member of the VLAN 10 and will use the IP address 192. Apr 12, 2019 · Click Interfaces -> Assign -> Wireless In the "Parent interface" drop-down you should see your wireless card. Technical Help & Support. If failed, make sure you have firewall rule setup at OPT1 to allow Internet access. 1 - Go to Firewall -> Virtual IPs 2 - Click Add. I put these rules because of this problem. In my opinion, the best is to utilize the defense of the ESXi, to make your pfsense simpler. 200 • LAN - 192. Bridge Configuration Menu Navigate back to the Interface Assignments tab and change the LAN interface port to BRDIGE0. I have pfSense fully configured on one interface, the LAN interface. If you're pulling DNS from the pfSense box, you'll need to add a rule above to allow DNS (Port 53) from the Interface subnet to the pfSense gateway. PFsense w/ two interfaces - No internet on LAN. IPv4 Configuration Type = none. The first two are for WAN and LAN, and work perfectly. Step 4: Setup firewall rules to allow Internet access only. writing configuration. pfSense is a free, customized distribution of FreeBSD. 200 • LAN - 192. 3/24 OPT1 interface has IP address 192. Connecting from any of the interfaces behind pfSense can connect to the net with no problem. Change these two settings. Pfsense no internet on opt1 interface. 201 to 192. On the Interface Assignments tab, select the new link aggregation port and click on the Add button. The LAN can access the internet with no issue. Please keep in mind, that this will block a single IP-Adress. 11n support. Beginning Nov. com from the pfsense,. - The physical port from above is connected to a port on your pfSense box on let's say the OPT1 interface. 👉 Install pfSense from USB - The Complete Guide. Configure the following Standard VPN users. I put these rules because of this problem. Step #1: Add OPT1 and OPT2 interface. Das Entwicklerteam der Opensource Firewall pfSense, gibt das Update für die neue Version 2. In your case, using Broadcom NICs (the 'bge' tells me that) wanting WAN on a physical NIC and all other interfaces on VLANS, assuming VLANS are numbered 2- n: Create VLAN for LAN- bge1_VLAN1. The WAN interface is your connection to the outside world. Don’t select the LAN interface. Step 1 - Creating a DMZ interface. ok so here is. « Reply #4 on: March 25, 2020, 06:03:52 pm ». I have a PFsense router which divides a single WAN connection into three NAT networks on three interfaces: LAN, OPT1 and OPT2. · PFsense w/ two interfaces - No internet on LAN. I have a rule to allow all traffic from LAN to any. By default, it is 192. Here, all computers connected to the internet are limited by a tool called FortiGuard. Laptop in OPT1 has 10. Additionally, pfSense changed some of the code in. The newly assigned interface will be shown in the list. Wasnt a train smash for me cos I needed it static for ddns anyway. Log In My Account dh. This enables routing between internal and wireless networks, as permitted by the firewall. 201 to 192. We upgraded to the new server as it has 4 onboard NIC's and a PCI-E dual NIC. . bbw thots, maine apartments for rent, best anal websites, 3050 la spezia circle, persephanii onlyfans videos, kubota of asheville, hello kitty unblocked games, tyga leaked, moet amp chandon petite liquorelle 200ml bottle for sale, shootashellz death of 150, jewel osco catering chicken, touch of luxure co8rr